فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 46 (تابستان 1395)

This study aimed to understand the perspectives of families on the concept of family health. In a phenomenological study with purposeful sampling among ethnic groups and different regions of Iran¡ 76 in-depth semi-structured interviews with families (parents) were recorded. Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data¡ and meaning units were clustered in terms and themes. Findings proposed that the recorded statements about family health could be categorized into four groups: individual¡ institutional¡ interactional and social health. By comparing the characteristics of healthy and dysfunctional families in this study¡ it can be said that for the Iranian families¡ a healthy family defined as a prosperous¡ functional¡ religious¡ traditional¡ hierarchical¡ codependent¡ collectivist¡ conservative¡ cautious and pretentious. Although the Iranian society shows signs of movement towards modernity¡ but dysfunctional family as interpreted by participants in this study¡ comprising modern rather than traditional elements. It seems the Iranian family health depends on finding healthy¡ efficient and non-normative patterns within the hierarchical and collective structure.

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between time perspective dimensions and marital satisfaction with considering the mediative role of psychological wellbeing¡ through a path analysis model. Statistical samples of this study were 408 married women¡ 20 to 50 years old¡ from Tehran city that were selected through multiphase clustering method. Research instruments were the Enrich’s Marital Satisfaction Inventory¡ the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale¡ and short form of the Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and path analysis method were used to analyze data. The results showed an acceptable fitness in structural model. In addition¡ results indicated that Positive Past¡ Hedonistic Present and Future¡ with mediative role of psychological wellbeing¡ had positive and significant relationships with marital satisfaction¡ not only directly¡ but also indirectly. Also findings showed that Negative Past and Fatalistic Present¡ with mediative role of psychological wellbeing¡ had a negative and significant relationship with marital satisfaction¡ not only directly¡ but also indirectly. In conclusion¡ time perspective dimensions had an effect on marital satisfaction¡ and psychological wellbeing have a mediative role in their relationship¡ which can be tacitly applied in establishing marital interventions by experts and psychologists.

Half of infertile couples referring to health centers are infertile males. The aim of present study was considering the attitudes of infertile couples to sperm donation. This study is a qualitative content analysis research which concentrates on the opinions of the people who discuss about sperm donation in a cyberspace social network. In this field the opinions of jurists and scientific issues based on priorities of each available option for the treatment of infertility have been compared and prioritized. In order to analyze these attitudes¡ and according to the religion and its impact on the approach and decision making¡ particularly in the treatment of infertility as the completion of married life¡ the shadow of religion in decision-making is considered. Finally¡ three main themes and four sub-themes were extracted. Main themes are: the most frequent methods i.e. sperm donation¡ embryo donation and adoption. Due to the more negative view of sperm donation comparing to embryo donation it seems that the existence of sperm donation just increases the number of treatment options¡ but adds many restrictions in the whole Islamic community.

To resolve work-family conflict¡ creating a culture of work-family is important¡ in which managers should feel responsible for family life of employees and support them. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between work-family overlap with managers’ support for families through supporting head managers. Method of study was descriptive and correlational with structural equation modeling approach and discriminating direct and indirect effects. The results showed that supporting family life through supporting head manager¡ highly improves work-family conflict. Based on the findings of this study¡ training managers to carry out social support to employees is demonstrated an effective intervention to actualize the work-family culture. However¡ training head manager to support their colleagues to equilibrate the work and family demands is more important.

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between family factors including socioeconomic status¡ family support¡ family attachment¡ family role overload¡ and family power structure with conflict of work and family roles among female employees in Yazd city. Research method was descriptive and correlational; and 323 female employees were selected by cluster sampling method. The work-family roles conflict scales¡ the perception of social support from family¡ the family involvement questionnaire¡ the family roles overload scale¡ and the scale of power structure in family were used in this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS. The Findings indicated that socioeconomic status¡ family support to employed member¡ family attachment and family power structure had significant and negative relationship with work and family roles conflict. In contrast there were significant and positive relationships between family role overload with work and family roles conflict. Thus¡ family factors have a very significant role in amount of work and family roles conflict and also can play an effective role in reducing the conflict-induced pressure and stress.

The main objective of this study was to compare happiness¡ love style and alexithymia in individuals who marry early and late. From all couples who were living in Ardabil city¡ two groups of 50 early married (25 females and 25 males) and 50 late married (25 females and 25 males) individuals were selected through available sampling method. The Oxford Happiness Inventory¡ the Hendricks Love Attitudes Scale and the Alexithymia Scale were used as tools of investigation. The method of study was causal-comparative and multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were used for analyzing data. The results showed that there are significant differences between happiness¡ love style and alexithymia mean scores in individuals who married early and late. Generally¡ mean scores of happiness¡ practical love¡ and friendship love styles were higher in the late married than the early married group. While¡ early married individuals gained significantly higher scores in passionate love¡ possessive-dependent love¡ difficulty of identifying and describing the feelings and concrete thinking in comparison to the late married individuals. Based on these results¡ it is suggested that family experts take into account the love styles of clients in family therapy.

This article discussed mutual-consent divorce in the context of thoughts and attitude of female applicants of this type of divorce with an inductive qualitative and ethnographic method. Based on the qualitative purposive sampling¡ 30 women of those who had referred for divorce to family court of Karaj¡ were selected and deeply interviewed. The results obtained in six major categories as follows: Rethinking the role of men as families’ breadwinners¡ inappropriate sexual relationships¡ emotional conflicts¡ cultural- social dissensions¡ normative pressures of family and relatives¡ and personality and behavioral disorders. The core-oriented category of this study is «Women''s attitude towards mutual-consent divorce» that includes other major categories and can semantically alter and redirect women’s opinion about mutual-consent divorce. According to the results¡ the term of mutual-consent is thought-provoking in this type of divorce; because considering the situations which were leaded to mutual-consent divorce and quantifying them revealed that nearly 32% of mutual-consent divorces were not mutual in fact; since¡ these women accepted divorce with desperation¡ coercion and threat.

Premature marriage has the potential of harming children. As such¡ recent laws have provided sanctions against this type of marriage to protect children’s rights and well-being. This practice is praiseworthy in itself. According to Islamic narratives¡ the age of majority for marriage is 9 full lunar years for girls. However¡ the Iranian Legislature has specified this age to be 13 full solar years. Article 50 of the Family Protection Law passed in 2011 has specified blood-money and imprisonment for a husband in case of any physical harm to his under-age wife due to coitus¡ in cases where the marriage is without the consent of a guardian or court order. However¡ after a short duration of time¡ the Legislature enacted the Islamic Penal Code in 2012. This latter law entitles the under-age wife who suffers fistula- a clear example of the physical harm provision of the Family Protection Law- to receive alimony until the death of either spouse¡ in addition to the aforementioned diyya and dowry. By analytically comparing these laws¡ it is clear that the provisions of the Family Protection Law on fistula is still in effect and has not been superseded by the Islamic Penal Code. This study defines and delineates the responsibility of a husband in these types of marriages and seeks to promote and protect children’s rights by analyzing the relevant provisions of the said laws.